Calcium and Vitamin D Contribute to Lifelong Bone Health

Calcium and Vitamin D Contribute to LifelongBone Health

BREAKTHROUGH
Intake of calcium and vitamin D at the recommended levels, in the context of a healthy diet andcoupled with exercise, contribute to healthy skeletal development in the first two decades of life andthen to the maintenance of bone.

SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM
Attaining maximum bone mass in adolescence through adequate calcium and vitamin D intakecoupled with regular weight-bearing exercise is known to protect against osteoporosis, a disease oftenacquired in the older adult years in which the density and quality of bone are reduced. Osteoporosisis a major public health threat for an estimated 44 million Americans, and it causes 1.5 millionfractures each year, over 300,000 of which occur at the hip. Osteoporosis is under-treated and underrecognized,with differences in underserved and minority populations.

ECONOMIC BURDEN
In 2002, the estimated annual direct care expenditures in the U.S. for osteoporotic fractures—including hospitals, nursing homes and outpatient services—totaled $18 billion. The loss of quality oflife that occurs as a result of this disease, especially from fractures, has not been quantified, but mustalso be taken into account.

landmark studies
In 1992, a study showed that increased dietary intake of calcium during childhood is associated withincreased bone mass in adulthood, and this increase in mass is important in modifying the later riskof fracture. 1 Additional reports on the adequacy of calcium for the healthy development of skeletalmass in children during pre-puberty and puberty followed.2-4 Studies also have investigated thebenefits of calcium and vitamin D supplements in older adults with low intakes of each, and they havedemonstrated the benefits of supplementation for the reduction of hip fractures and the maintenanceof bone mass and density. This suggests that the nutritional benefits for bone health continuethroughout the life cycle.

public health & education application
Studies, specifically on milk and milk products such as yogurt and cheese, showed a positive relationshipbetween the intake of such products and bone mineral content and density in one or more skeletal sites.[7] This scientific base has contributed to the inclusion of milk and other dairy products in federal dietaryguidance and emphasizing these items in federal nutrition programs, including the Special SupplementalProgram for Women, Infants and Children (WIC).Scientific discoveries in this area also have spawned the development of new food products and have ledto a greater understanding of the prevalence of lactose intolerance in certain populations. Significantamounts of calcium now can be acquired from fortified breads, cereals, fruit juices, soy beverages, andcommercial mineral water. These foods provide a suitable alternative for people who are lactose-intolerantand for vegans.

From: http://www.nutrition.org/media/news/successes/Success_CalciumVitaminD.pdf